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by the outward appearance

  • 1 ὄψις

    ὄψις, εως, ἡ (fr. ὀπωπα, 2 pf. of ὀράω; Hom.+).
    ① the experience of seeing someth., seeing, sight (Paus. 3, 14, 4 ὄψις ὀνείρατος=the seeing of a dream; PFay 133, 11; Jos., Ant. 3, 38; Just., A I, 30, 1 al.) ἡ ὄψις ὑμῶν the sight of you 1:3 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 6, 26, 3 ἐν ὄψει πάντων; Wsd 15:5 ὧν ὄψις).
    ② external or physical aspect of someth., outward appearance, aspect (Thu. 6, 46, 3; Timaeus Hist. [IV/III B.C.]: 566 Fgm. 13b Jac.; Diod S 4, 54, 5; Appian, Liby. 96 §454; Polyaenus 7, 6, 6; Gen 24:16; EpArist 77) τὴν ὄψιν νεωτέραν ἔχειν look younger Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. ἀνήρ τις ἔνδοξος τῇ ὄψει a man of splendid appearance 5:1 (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 15 [Stone p. 28]; cp. SIG 1169, 30 ἔδοξε τὰν ὄψιν εὐπρεπὴς ἀνήρ). Perh. Rv 1:16 (s. 3 below).—κατʼ ὄψιν κρίνειν judge by the outward appearance J 7:24 (cp. Lysias, Orat. 16, 19 p. 147 οὐκ ἄξιον ἀπʼ ὄψεως, ὦ βουλή, οὔτε φιλεῖν οὔτε μισεῖν οὐδένα, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῶν ἔργων σκοπεῖν; POxy 37 II, 3; 1 Km 16:7; Jos., Bell. 3, 79).
    ③ the front portion of the head or expression thereof, face, countenance (Pla., Phdr. 254b; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 1, 3 Jac.; Diog. L. 6, 91f; PGiss 22, 5; PAmh 141, 12; BGU 451, 13; PGM 4, 746; 774; Jos., Ant. 6, 189; Iren 5, 30, 1 [Hv II 406, 3]) J 11:44; ApcPt 3:7a; τὸ κάλλος τῆς ὄψ. 3:7b. Perh. Rv 1:16 (s. 2 above). Of the face of God (cp. POxy 1380, 127 of Isis τὴν ἐν Λήθῃ ἱλαρὰν ὄψιν; BGU 162, 4; 8 ὄψις θεοῦ Σοκνοπαίου; 590, 19; Iren. 5, 31, 2 [Hv II 413, 2]) 1 Cl 36:2.—Also the pl. αἱ ὄψεις, chiefly the eyes (Pla., Theaet., 156b; Musonius p. 106, 8 H.; Vett. Val. 228, 6; 268, 1; 279, 30; POxy 911, 6; Tob 14:2 BA; Philo, Decal. 68, Ebr. 44; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 39, 47; ὄψεις τῆς ψυχῆς 51, 29), prob. means more gener. face (Jos., Ant. 12, 81; TestReub 5:5; ApcMos 37 ἐπʼ ὄψεσι κείμενοι) ἐνέπτυον αὐτοῦ ταῖς ὄψεσι GPt 3:9.—DELG s.v. ὄπωπα D. M-M. Sv.

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  • 2 δύναμις

    δύναμις, εως, ἡ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) gener. ‘capability’, with emphasis on function.
    ① potential for functioning in some way, power, might, strength, force, capability
    ⓐ general, λαμβάνειν δ. receive power Ac 1:8 (cp. Epict. 1, 6, 28; 4, 1, 109; Tat. 16, 1 δραστικωτέρας δ.); ἰδίᾳ δ. by one’s own capability 3:12. Of kings τὴν δύναμιν καὶ ἐξουσίαν αὐτῶν τῷ θηρίῳ διδόασιν Rv 17:13 (cp. Just., A I, 17, 3 βασιλικῆς δ.).—Of God’s power (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 66, 33 Jac. θεῶν δ., Diod S 1, 20, 6 τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν of Osiris’ function as benefactor to humanity; 5, 71, 6; 27, 12, 1; 34 + 35 Fgm. 28, 3; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 70, 75; 84; 23 [40], 36; Herm. Wr. 14, 9 ὁ θεὸς …, ἡ [ᾧ v.l.] πᾶσα δύναμις τοῦ ποιεῖν πάντα; PGM 4, 641; 7, 582; 12, 250; LXX; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 13, 12, 4; 7 [Fgm. 4, ln. 22 p. 164; ln. 84 p. 172]; EpArist; Jos., Ant. 8, 109; 9, 15; SibOr 3, 72; Just., A I, 32, 11 al.) Mt 22:29; Mk 12:24; Lk 22:69; Ro 1:16, 20 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 167 God is known through his δ.); 9:17 (Ex 9:16); 1 Cor 1:18, 24; 2:5; 6:14; 2 Cor 4:7; 6:7; 13:4; Eph 3:7; 2 Ti 1:8; 1 Pt 1:5; Rv 1:16; 11:17; 12:10; 15:8; cp. 2 Cor 12:9a; Rv 5:12; 1 Cl 11:2; 33:3; Dg 7:9; 9:1f; δ. ὑψίστου Lk 1:35. In doxology (1 Ch 29:11f; on the doxol. in the Lord’s Prayer HSchumaker, Cath. World 160, ’45, 342–49) Mt 6:13 v.l.; D 8:2; 9:4; 10:5. Cp. Rv 4:11; 7:12; 19:1.—IMg 3:1; ISm 1:1; Hv 3, 3, 5; m 5, 2, 1; PtK 2. Hence God is actually called δ. (Philo, Mos. 1, 111, Mut. Nom. 29; Ath. 16, 2) Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62 (cp. Wsd 1:3; 5:23 and Dalman, Worte 164f). Christ possesses a θεία δ. (this expr. in Aristot., Pol. 4 [7], 4, 1326a 32; PGM 12, 302 al.; s. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 40, 20 al.; Did., Gen. 60, 8; s. θεῖος 1a) 2 Pt 1:3; cp. 1:16 and 1 Cor 5:4; of Christ’s potential to achieve someth. through Paul 2 Cor 12:9b (cp. SEG XXXIV, 1308, 5f [50 B.C.–50 A.D.]). In Hs 9, 26, 8, the potential associated with the women in black leads to destruction. δ. leaves Christ at his death GPt 5:19 (s. LVaganay, L’Évangile de Pierre 1930, 108; 254ff). ἐν τῇ τοῦ κυρίου δ. AcPlCor 2:39.— Power of the Holy Spirit (Jos., Ant. 8, 408; Just., D. 87, 4f al.) Lk 4:14; Ac 1:8; Ro 15:13, 19 (ἐν δ. πν. [θεοῦ]); Hm 11:2, 5. ἐν ἀποδείξει πνεύματος καὶ δυνάμεως 1 Cor 2:4; cp. ἐγείρεται ἐν δ. 15:43, foll. by σῶμα πνευμάτικον. δυνάμει κραταιωθῆναι be strengthened in power (i.e. with ability to function) by the Spirit Eph 3:16. Hence the Spirit given the Christian can be called πνεῦμα δυνάμεως, i.e. in contrast to an unenterprising spirit, πνεῦμα δειλίας, God offers one that functions aggressively, 2 Ti 1:7; cp. 1 Pt 4:14 v.l.; AcPl Ha 8, 25/BMM 32f/Ox 1602, 39. The believers are ἐν πάσῃ δ. δυναμούμενοι equipped w. all power Col 1:11; cp. Eph 1:19; 3:20 (for Eph 1:19 cp. 1QH 14:23; 11:29 al.; for Eph 3:16, 6:10 cp. 1QH 7:17, 19; 12:35; 1QM 10:5; see KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 336); esp. the apostles and other people of God Lk 24:49; Ac 4:33; 6:8; cp. AcPl Ha 6, 21. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δ. Ἠλίου Lk 1:17.—Of the devil’s destructive capability Lk 10:19; cp. Rv 13:2. ἡ δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος what gives sin its power to function is the law 1 Cor 15:56.
    ⓑ specif., the power that works wonders (SEG VIII, 551, 39 [I B.C.]; POxy 1381, 206ff; PGM 4, 2449; 12, 260ff; Just., D. 49, 8 κρυφία δ.; s. JZingerle, Heiliges Recht 1926, 10f; JRöhr, D. okkulte Kraftbegriff im Altertum 1923, 14f) Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; Hv 1, 3, 4. ἔχρισεν αὐτὸν ὁ θεός δυνάμει (God endowed him to perform miracles) Ac 10:38 (Dio Chrys. 66 [16], 10 of Jason: χρισάμενος δυνάμει τινί, λαβὼν παρὰ τῆς Μηδείας; Diod S 4, 51, 1 τ. τρίχας δυνάμεσί τισι χρίσασα=she anointed her hair with certain potions; 4, 51, 4; 17, 103, 4 ὁ σίδηρος κεχριμένος ἦν φαρμάκου δυνάμει=with a poisonous potion. Diod S 1, 97, 7 a powerful medium=φάρμακον; s. ἐξουσία 7; also RAC II 415–58). τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δ. ἐξελθοῦσαν potency emanated from him Mk 5:30; cp. Lk 8:46; δ. παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο 6:19; cp. 5:17; perh. also (but s. 3 below) Gal 3:5; 1 Cor 12:28f (on the pl. δυνάμεις s. X., Cyr. 8, 8, 14; Herm. Wr. 13, 8 al.; on this ADieterich, E. Mithraslit. 1903, 46f; cp. PKöhn VI, 245, 18 Athena; for parallels and lit. s. Ptocheia [=ASP 31] ’91, 55). ἐν δ. with power, powerful(ly) (TestJob 47:9; Synes., Ep. 90 p. 230d τοὺς ἐν δ.) Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; μετὰ δυνάμεως Mt 24:30; Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27.—κατὰ δύναμιν w. gen. (Lucian, Imag. 3) by the power of Hb 7:16. Hebraist.=δυνατός (but readily understood in the Greek world as a defining gen., e.g. λόγου ἄνοια=vocal frenzy Soph. Antig. 603; s. Judg 3:29; 20:46 [ἄνδρες δυνάμεως B =ἄνδρες δυνατοί A]; Wsd 5:23): τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δ. αὐτοῦ by his powerful word 1:3; μετʼ ἀγγέλων δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ w. messengers of his power i.e. angels who exercise Jesus’ power 2 Th 1:7 (unless this is to be rendered with KJV et al. his mighty angels) (cp. En 20:1; GrBar 1:8; 2:6); μὴ ἔχων δ. powerless Hv 3, 11, 2; m 9:12. ἰσχυρὰν δ. ἔχειν be very powerful m 5, 2, 3; cp. 9:11; ἐν ποίᾳ δ.; by what power? (s. under 5) Ac 4:7. ὕψος δυνάμεως pride in (one’s) power B 20:1.—Effectiveness in contrast to mere word or appearance 1 Cor 4:19f; 1 Th 1:5. ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν αὐτῆς ἠρνημένοι they have the outward appearance of piety, but deny its function 2 Ti 3:5 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 409 τὸ ὄνομα τ. βασιλείας εἶχεν, τ. δὲ δύναμιν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι=[Alexandra] bore the title queen, but the Pharisees were in control). δ. πίστεως the power of faith in contrast to verbal profession IEph 14:2. Sim. δ. w. ἐξουσία (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 65) potent authority i.e. the word of Jesus is not only authoritative but functions effectively ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ, for the unclean spirits depart Lk 4:36; 9:1.—W. ἰσχύς 2 Pt 2:11 (Ath. 24, 2); w. ἐνέργεια Hm 6, 1, 1 (cp. Galen X, 635); τὴν δ. τῆς ἀναστάσεως the effectiveness of his (Christ’s) resurrection, which brings about the resurrection of the believers Phil 3:10.—Of the peculiar power inherent in a thing (of the healing power of medicines since Hippocr.; cp. Diod S 1, 20, 4; 1, 97, 7; 17, 103, 4; Plut., Mor. 157d al.; Dio Chrys. 25 [42], 3; Galen, Comp. Med. XIII 707 K.). δ. πυρός Hb 11:34 (Diod S 15, 50, 3 δ. τοῦ φωτός=the intensity of the light).
    ② ability to carry out someth., ability, capability (cp. Democrit, Fgm. B 234; Pla., Philb. 58d; cp. Aristot., Metaph. 4, 12, 1019a 26; Epict. 2, 23, 34; 4 Km 18:20; Ruth 3:11; Jos., Ant. 10, 54; Just., D. 4, 1) δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος Hb 11:11 (s. entry καταβολή). κατὰ δύναμιν according to ability (Diod S 14, 81, 6 v.l.; SIG 695, 9; 44 [129 B.C.]; PGM 4, 650; POxy 1273, 24; BGU 1050, 14; Sir 29:20; Jos., Ant. 3, 102; Just., A II, 13, 6; also ὅση δ. A I, 13, 1; 55, 8 al.; ὡς δ. μου D. 80, 5) 2 Cor 8:3a; ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν δ. to each according to his special capability (cp. SIG 695, 55) Mt 25:15; AcPl Ha 7, 17. Opp. beyond one’s ability ὑπὲρ δύναμιν (Demosth. 18, 193; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 1 §3; 2, 13 §49; POxy 282, 8; Sir 8:13) 2 Cor 1:8 or παρὰ δ. (Thu. 3, 54, 4; PPetr II, 3b, 2 [III B.C.]; POxy 1418, 3; Jos., Ant. 14, 378) 8:3b.
    ③ a deed that exhibits ability to function powerfully, deed of power, miracle, wonder (Ael. Aristid. 40, 12 K.=5 p. 59 D.: δυνάμεις ἐμφανεῖς; 42, 4 K.=6 p. 64 D. al.; Eutecnius 4 p. 41, 13; POxy 1381, 42; 90f τ. δυνάμεις ἀπαγγέλλειν; Steinleitner, nos. 3, 7f and 17; 8, 10 [restored] al.; Ps 117:15; Just., A I, 26, 22 al.) w. σημεῖα 2 Th 2:9; also in pl. Ac 2:22; 2 Cor 12:12; Hb 2:4; in this sense δ. stands mostly in pl. δυνάμεις Mt 7:22; 11:20f, 23; 13:54, 58; Mk 6:2; 9:39; Lk 10:13; 19:37; Ac 8:13; 19:11; 1 Cor 12:10, 28f; Gal 3:5 (on the two last pass. s. 1b above); Hb 6:5. Sg. Mk 6:5.
    ④ someth. that serves as an adjunct of power, resource μικρὰν ἔχειν δ. have few resources Rv 3:8. Also wealth (X., An. 7, 7, 36, Cyr. 8, 4, 34; Dt 8:17f) ἐκ τῆς δ. τοῦ στρήνους fr. the excessive wealth Rv 18:3. Esp. of military forces (Hdt. et al. very oft.; cp. OGI ind. VIII; LXX; Jos., Ant. 18, 262; Just., D 131, 3), even of the heavenly bodies thought of as armies δ. τῶν οὐρανῶν the armies of heaven (Is 34:4 v.l.; 4 Km 17:16; Da 8:10 Theod.; En 18:14) Mt 24:29; Lk 21:26; cp. Mk 13:25.
    ⑤ an entity or being, whether human or transcendent, that functions in a remarkable manner, power as a personal transcendent spirit or heavenly agent/angel ([cp. Pla., Crat. 438c] Aristot., Met. 4, 12, 1019a, 26 divinities δυνάμεις [likewise TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 21=Stone p. 36] λέγονται; Eth. Epic. col. 9, 16, w. θεοι; Porphyr., Abst. 2, 2 p. 133 Nauck δαίμοσιν ἢ θεοῖς ἤ τισι δυνάμεσιν θῦσαι; Sallust. 15 p. 28, 15 αἱ ἄνω δυνάμεις; Herm. Wr. 1, 26; 13, 15; Synes., Ep. 57 p. 191b; PGM 4, 3051; 4 Macc 5:13; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 171, Mut. Nom. 59) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; 1 Pt 3:22; αἱ δ. τοῦ σατανᾶ IEph 13:1. (Cp. αἱ πονηραὶ δ., διάβολος καὶ οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ Did., Gen. 45, 4.) θεὸς ἀγγέλων καὶ δ. MPol 14:1 (cp. the ins in FCumont, Étud. syr. 1917, p. 321, 5 ὁ θεὸς τ. δυνάμεων=BCH 26, 1902, 176; Just., D. 85, 6 ἄγγελοι … καὶ δ.)—Desig. of a personal divine being as a power (i.e. an effective intermediary or expression; s. DDD 509–16) of the most high God (Ael. Aristid. 37, 28 K.=2 p. 27 D.: Athena as δ. τοῦ Διός; Just., A I, 14, 5 δ. θεοῦ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ ἦν; cp. 23, 2; Tat. 5, 1) οὗτός ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη μεγάλη this man is what is called the Great Power of God Ac 8:10 (cp. ins of Saïttaï in Lydia εἷς θεὸς ἐν οὐρανοῖς μέγας Μὴν οὐράνιος, μεγάλη δύναμις τοῦ ἀθανάτου θεοῦ: ILydiaKP 110; PGM 4, 1275ff ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὴν μεγίστην δύναμιν τὴν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὑπὸ κυρίου θεοῦ τεταγμένην. S. New Docs 1, 107. Cp. HKippenberg, Garizim u. Synagoge: RVV ’71, 122–24.—GWetter, ‘D. Sohn Gottes’ 1916, 8f; WSpiegelberg, Die ägypt. Gottheit der ‘Gotteskraft’: Ztschr. f. äg. Sprache 57, 1922, 145ff; FPreisigke, D. Gotteskraft der frühchristl. Zeit 1922).
    ⑥ the capacity to convey thought, meaning (Pla., Crat. 394b; Polyb. 20, 9, 11; Dionys. Hal. 1, 68; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 19; Cass. Dio 55, 3; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 125; Just., D. 125, 1 ἡ δ. τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὀνόματος; 138, 1 ὀγδόης ἡμέρας … δυνάμει … πρώτης) of language 1 Cor 14:11; of stones Hv 3, 4, 3; cp. 3, 8, 6f.—OSchmitz, D. Begriff δ. bei Pls: ADeissmann Festschr. 1927, 139–67; WGrundmann, D. Begriff d. Kraft in d. ntl. Gedankenwelt ’32; Dodd 16–20; EFascher, Dynamis Theou: ZTK n. s. 19, ’38, 82–108; LBieler, Δύναμις u. ἐξουσία: Wiener Studien 55, ’38, 182–90; AForster, The Mng. of Power for St. Paul, ATR 32, ’50, 177–85; MBarré, CBQ 42, ’80, 216–27 (contrast w. ‘weakness’ in Qumran lit.)—DELG. Lampe s.v. δύναμις VI B and VII. RAC IV 441–51. EDNT. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > δύναμις

  • 3 κρίνω

    κρίνω (s. κρίμα; Hom.+) fut. κρινῶ; 1 aor. ἔκρινα; pf. κέκρικα; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρίκει (on the lack of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; W-S. §12, 4; Mlt-H. 190; ἐκεκρίκει Just., D. 102, 2). Pass.: impf. ἐκρινόμην; 1 fut. κριθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐκρίθην; pf. κέκριμαι. Primary mng.: ‘to set apart so as to distinguish, separate’, then by transference
    ① to make a selection, select, prefer (Aeschyl., Suppl. 39 τὶ; Pla., Rep. 3, 399e κρίνειν τινὰ πρό τινος ‘prefer someone to someone’, cp. Phlb. 57e; Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 3 κ. τί τινι=select someth. because of someth. [a place because of its size]; κ. τὸ πρακτέον καὶ μὴ πρακτέον Did., Gen. 27, 3) ὸ̔ς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν the one prefers one day to another Ro 14:5a. In the other half of the sentence ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν, κ. prob. has the sense recognize, approve (X., Hell. 1, 7, 34 ἔκριναν τὴν τῆς βουλῆς γνώμην) the other holds every day in esteem vs. 5b. Closely associated is mng.
    ② to pass judgment upon (and thereby seek to influence) the lives and actions of other people
    ⓐ judge, pass judgment upon, express an opinion about Mt 7:1a, 2a; Lk 6:37a; 1 Cl 13:2; Pol 2:3 (Sextus 183 ὁ κρίνων ἄνθρωπον κρίνεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ). κ. δικαίως D 4:3; B 19:11. κ. κατʼ ὄψιν by the outward appearance J 7:24a. κατὰ τὴν σάρκα 8:15. τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κ. pass a right judgment 7:24b (on the expr. cp. Dt 16:18). This is perh. the place for 1 Pt 4:6 ἵνα κριθῶσιν κατὰ ἀνθρ. (s. ESelwyn, comm. ad loc. ref. to Lghtf.; cp. Wsd 3:4).
    ⓑ esp. pass an unfavorable judgment upon, criticize, find fault with, condemn (Epict. 2, 21, 11) Ro 2:1abc, 3; 14:3f, 10, 13a (a play on words, w. κρίνειν used in two different mngs. in the same vs.; s. 4 below on vs. 13b); Col 2:16; Js 4:11, 12; D 11:12. μή τι κρίνετε do not pronounce judgment on anything 1 Cor 4:5. ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως; why is my freedom (of action) to be unfavorably judged by another person’s scruples? 1 Cor 10:29. μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτόν happy is the one who finds no fault w. himself Ro 14:22.—Also of a human judgment directed against God ὅπως ἂν νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are judged Ro 3:4 (OMichel in KEK prefers active sense); 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6).
    ③ to make a judgment based on taking various factors into account, judge, think, consider, look upon w. double acc. of the obj. and the predicate (Soph., Oed. R. 34; Pla., Rep. 9, 578b and s. Cebes 39, 4; 3 Macc 2:33; Just., D. 112, 1) οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς you do not consider yourselves worthy Ac 13:46 (Jos., Ant. 6, 159 ὸ̔ν αὐτὸς τ. βασιλείας ἄξιον ἔκρινεν; EpArist 98); cp. PtK 3 p. 15, 17. τὰ ὑστερήματα αὐτῶν ἴδια ἐκρίνετε you considered their shortcomings as your own 1 Cl 2:6. Pass. (Thu. 2, 40, 3; Jos., Ant. 4, 193) τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; why do you think it is incredible? Ac 26:8 (Jos., Ant. 18, 76 ἄπιστα αὐτὰ κρίνειν).—Foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Gorg., 452c, Rep. 9, 578b; X., An. 1, 9, 5; 28) κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν … εἶναι Ac 16:15.—W. inf. foll. κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς κτλ. 15:19.—Foll. by τοῦτο ὅτι 2 Cor 5:14.—W. direct quest. foll. ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε judge, decide for yourselves 1 Cor 11:13.—W. indirect quest. foll. (Thu. 4, 130, 7 κρίναντες ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, εἰ … ; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 5) εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, κρίνατε decide whether it is right to obey you rather than God Ac 4:19.—κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι pass your own judgment on what I say 1 Cor 10:15.—ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας you have judged rightly Lk 7:43.
    ④ to come to a conclusion after a cognitive process, reach a decision, decide, propose, intend (Isocr. 4, 46; Polyb. 3, 6, 7; 5, 52, 6; 9, 13, 7; Epict. 2, 15, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 14, 118 §497 ὅταν οἱ θεοὶ κρίνωσιν; LXX) τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε (restored) so decide now what you wish (to be done); w. inf. (Diod S 4, 33, 10; 17, 95, 1; UPZ 42, 37 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 55, 4 [II B.C.] ἔκρινα γράψαι; PLond III, 897, 11 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:33; 3 Macc 1:6; Jdth 11:13; Wsd 8:9; Jos., Ant.7, 33; 12, 403; 13, 188; Did., Gen. 179, 7) Ac 3:13; 20:16; 25:25; 1 Cor 2:2; 5:3; Tit 3:12. W. τοῦ and inf. (B-D-F §397, 2) ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς Ac 27:1. ἐπεὶ ἤδη σεαυτῷ κέκρικας τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου φυλαχθῆναι since you have already decided in your own mind that these commandments cannot be kept by anyone Hm 12, 3, 6.—W. acc. and inf. (2 Macc 11:25, 36; 3 Macc 6:30; TestSol 10:8; SibOr 3, 127; Just., D. 102, 2) Ac 21:25 (even in the substantially different rdgs.). τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον he has determined this, namely to keep his fiancée (pure and undefiled) 1 Cor 7:37 (s. s.v. γαμίζω 2; Diod S 4, 73, 2 of a father: κρίναι ταύτην [i.e. his daughter] παρθένον διαφυλάττειν). τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα but rather decide this, (namely) to give no offense Ro 14:13b. ἔκρινα ἐμαυτῷ τοῦτο, τὸ … ἐλθεῖν 2 Cor 2:1. τὰ δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τ. ἀποστόλων Ac 16:4 (cp. Polyb. 5, 52, 6 πράξας τὸ κριθέν; Epict. 2, 15, 7 τοῖς κριθεῖσιν ἐμμένειν δεῖ).
    ⑤ to engage in a judicial process, judge, decide, hale before a court, condemn, also hand over for judicial punishment, freq. as a legal t.t. (in a forensic sense Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).
    ⓐ of a human court
    α. act. and pass. abs. Ac 13:27. W. adv. GPt 3:7. κ. τινά: κατὰ τὸν νόμον J 18:31; Ac 23:3; 24:6 v.l. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ κρίνω ὑμᾶς GJs 16:3. Of the right of the apostle and the church to judge believers 1 Cor 5:12ab. μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον; does our law (personified) judge a person? J 7:51 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 50 §205 certain senators desire that before Mark Antony is declared a public enemy he should be brought to trial, ὡς οὐ πάτριον σφίσιν ἀκρίτου καταδικάζειν ‘on the ground that it was not their ancestral custom to condemn someone without a hearing’). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε I will punish you on the basis of your own statement Lk 19:22. Pass. Ac 25:10. κρίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι be on trial because of a thing 26:6 (Appian, Basil. 12 κρινόμενος ἐπὶ τῷδε=be brought to trial because of this thing; likew. Iber. 55 §233; Ath. 2, 3; of God ApcrEzk Fgm. d). Also περί τινος (Diod S 12, 30, 5) 23:6; 25:20; w. addition of ἐπί w. gen. of the court of judicature before someone (schol. on Hes., Op. 9) 24:21; 25:9; D 11:11.—τί δὲ καὶ ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον; Lk 12:57, which leads over into the sphere of jurisprudence (vs. 58), means: why cannot you yourselves decide what is right? (cp. the prayer for vengeance fr. Amorgos [BCH 25, 1901 p. 416; Dssm., LO 94=LAE 118] ἐπάκουσον, θεά, καὶ κρῖναι τὸ δίκαιον; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 89 §403 κρίνειν τὴν μάχην=decide the battle; Just., A II, 15, 5).
    β. mid. and pass.: ‘dispute, quarrel, debate’, also go to law (so Thu. 4, 122, 4 δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι; Hos 2:4 al. in LXX; TestSol 4:4ff D; Mel., P. 101, 773) τινί with someone (Job 9:3; 13:19) Mt 5:40; B 6:1 (Is 50:8); μετά τινος (Vi. Aesopi W 76 κριθῆναί με μετὰ τῆς κυρίας μου ἐπὶ σοί=I am pleading my case with my mistress before you; Eccl 6:10) 1 Cor 6:6. ἐπί τινος before someone (as judge) vs. 1 (on the beginning of 1 Cor 6 cp. the decree of Alexander to the Greeks in Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21: βούλομαι δὲ μὴ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κρίνειν ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον, οὐδὲ ἐφʼ οὗ βούλεσθε=it is my wish [will] that you are not to go to law among yourselves, no matter what any of you may have against another, nor before anyone you wish).
    ⓑ of the divine tribunal
    α. occupied by God or Christ: abs. administer justice, judge J 5:30; 8:16, 50; cp. vs. 26; Rv 6:10; B 5:7. Pass. be judged Mt 7:1b, 2b; Lk 6:37b; Rv 11:18.—W. acc. foll. (PGM 4, 1013 of Horus ὁ κρίνων τὰ πάντα) J 5:22; 8:15b. τοὺς ἔξω 1 Cor 5:13. ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς judge the living and the dead 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; B 7:2. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων Ro 2:16. τὸν κόσμον B 4:12 (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 8 Tdf.). τὴν οἰκουμένην Ac 17:31; AcPl Ha 9, 29. κ. κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον judge each one by what that person does 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Rv 20:13. ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν the dead were judged by what was written in the books (of life and of death), in accordance w. their deeds vs. 12; δικαίως κ. judge uprightly (Sotades [280 B.C.] Fgm. 11, 2 Diehl2 II 6 p. 191 [in Stob. 4, 34, 8 vol. V p. 826, 5=Coll. Alex. p. 243] ὁ παντογενὴς … οὐ κρίνει δικαίως) 1 Pt 2:23; B 19:11. Also ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ Rv 19:11. διὰ νόμου κρίνεσθαι be judged on the basis of the law Js 2:12.—Oft. the emphasis is unmistakably laid upon that which follows the Divine Judge’s verdict, upon the condemnation or punishment: condemn, punish (opp. σῴζειν as TestJud 24:6; Mel., P. 104, 810; cp. ApcEsdr 1, 11 p. 25, 3 Tdf. ἐμὲ κρῖνον ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) J 3:17; cp. 18ab; 12:47ab, 48a; cp. 48b; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Dg 7:5f (opp. ἀγαπᾶν). διὰ νόμου κ. punish on the basis of the law Ro 2:12.—3:6f; 1 Cor 11:31f (here of the temporal punishment which God brings upon sinners); 2 Th 2:12; Hb 10:30 (κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ the Lord will judge = punish his people is derived fr. Dt 32:36=Ps 134:14, where the judgment of God is spoken of, resulting in the vindication of the innocent [the thought prominent in the two OT pass.] and the punishment of the guilty [the thought prominent in the Hb pass.]); 13:4; Js 5:9; for 1 Pt 4:6 s. 2a above; Rv 18:8; 19:2; B 15:5.—W. the punishment given κ. διὰ πυρός 1 Cl 11:1; διὰ τῶν μαστίγων 17:5. κεκριμένοι ἤδη τῷ θανάτῳ already condemned to death B 10:5. Also εἰς θάνατον condemned to death Hs 9, 18, 2. οἱ κρινόμενοι ἀσεβεῖς the godless, who are condemned 2 Cl 18:1. Of the devil ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται J 16:11.—ταῦτα ἔκρινας you have imposed these punishments Rv 16:5.—On κρίνειν τὸ κρίμα 18:20 s. κρίμα 4.
    β. occupied by those who have been divinely commissioned to judge: the 12 apostles judge the 12 tribes Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30 (PBatiffol, RB n.s. 9, 1912, 541–43. But here κ. could have the broader sense rule; cp. 4 Km 15:5; Ps 2:10; 1 Macc 9:73; PsSol 17:29). κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία … σέ the one who is physically uncircumcised will sit in judgment upon you Ro 2:27. οἱ ἅγιοι as judges of the cosmos 1 Cor 6:2ab (κρίνεσθαι ἐν: Diod S 19, 51, 4.—On the saints as co-rulers with God cp. Epict., Ench. 15; Sallust. 21 p. 36, 14) as well as of the angels vs. 3 (cp. Da 7:22).
    ⑥ to ensure justice for someone, see to it that justice is done (LXX) τινί to someone 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17).—B. 1428. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κρίνω

  • 4 καλός

    καλός, ή, όν (Hom.+; pert. to meeting high standards or expectations of appearance, kind, or quality) superl. κάλλιστος, η, ον (Diod S 5, 13, 1; JosAs 14:17 cod. A; ApcSed 11:4 p. 134, 14 Ja. καλλίστατε; Jos., Ant. 16, 142; Just., D. 20, 3; Tat. 28, 1).
    ① pert. to being attractive in outward appearance, beautiful, handsome, fine in outward appearance λίθοι κ. beautiful stones Lk 21:5. Of pers. (Lucian, Tim. 16, Dial. Mort. 1, 3) Hv 3, 13, 1; Hs 9, 3, 1.
    ② pert. to being in accordance at a high level w. the purpose of someth. or someone, good, useful.
    ⓐ of things τόπον καλὸν ἀνακεχωρηκότα a beautiful remote place Hv 3, 1, 3; in the phys. sense free from defects, fine, precious opp. σαπρός (PLond II, 356, 4ff p. 252 [I A.D.]; TestJob 7:5 ἄρτον [opp. κεκαιμένον]) of fish Mt 13:48; superl. τὰ κάλλιστα the especially good ones vs. 48 D. Of a tree and its fruit 12:33; Lk 6:43. Opp. πονηρός of fruits Mt 7:17ff. Otherw. of fruits (Menand., Mon. 303 Mei. [402 J.] καρπός) 3:10; Lk 3:9; Hs 2, 4. ἀμπελῶνες m 10, 1, 5. τράγοι B 7:6, 10. γῆ good soil Mt 13:8, 23; Mk 4:8, 20; Lk 8:15. σπέρμα Mt 13:24, 27, 37f. οἶνος J 2:10ab; Hm 12, 5, 3. μαργαρῖται fine pearls Mt 13:45. Subst. (Epict. 1, 12, 12 καλόν τι ἐλευθερία ἐστί) καλὸν τὸ ἅλας salt is a good thing Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34. ἔργον something useful Hs 5, 2, 7.—Superl. of Polycarp’s writings συγγράμματα κάλλιστα most excellent writings EpilMosq 2.
    ⓑ of moral quality (opp. αἰσχρός IAndrosIsis, Kyme 32) good, noble, praiseworthy, contributing to salvation etc. ἔργον καλόν, ἔργα καλά (Hippocr., Ep. 27, 30; Athen. 1, 15 p. 8f ἐν τοῖς καλοῖς ἔργοις; SibOr 3, 220) Mt 5:16; 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:32f; 1 Ti 5:10, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8ab, 14; Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12; 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cl 13:3. καλόν: ἐν καλῷ Gal 4:18b; cp. Pol 6:3. (Opp. κακόν) διάκρισις καλοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ Hb 5:14 (Sext. Emp., Pyrrh. 3, 168 διάκρισις τῶν τε καλῶν κ. κακῶν). (τὸ) κ. (opp. κακ.) ποιεῖν (2 Ch 14:1; 31:20) Ro 7:21; 2 Cor 13:7. Without the contrast w. κακ. Gal 6:9; Js 4:17; 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17); Dg 4:3. κατεργάζεσθαι Ro 7:18. ἐργάζεσθαι B 21:2. καλὰ προνοεῖσθαι ἐνώπιόν τινος (Pr 3:4) Ro 12:17; sim. 2 Cor 8:21.—ἀναστροφή (cp. 2 Macc 6:23) Js 3:13; 1 Pt 2:12. συνείδησις Hb 13:18 (cp. PRein 52, 5 οὐ καλῷ συνειδότι χρώμενοι); φόβος 1 Cl 21:8; νουθέτησις 56:2; νηστεία Hs 5, 3, 5; μαρτυρία κ. a good reputation 1 Ti 3:7. ἐν καρδίᾳ καλῇ κ. ἀγαθῇ in a noble and good heart Lk 8:15 (w. ἀγ., as freq. in Gr-Rom. wr. to characterize exceptional citizens [s. καλοκἀγαθία], also Jos., Ant. 4, 67; 10, 188 al.; Just., A II, 2, 7 al.). Of the law morally unobjectionable (Maximus Tyr. 20, 9a) Ro 7:16; cp. 1 Ti 1:8. ἐντολαί Hm 12, 3, 4; Hs 6, 1, 1f. οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν 1 Cor 5:6. τοῦτο καλὸν καὶ ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 1 Ti 2:3; 5:4 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 7:3; 21:1; 60:2; 61:2; Pol 6:1 (Pr 3:4). πολυτέλεια καλὴ καὶ ἱλαρά Hs 1, 10. λειτουργία 5, 3, 8. Superl.: of martyrs ὑπόδειγμα κάλλιστον finest example 1 Cl 6:1.
    ⓒ in any respect unobjectionable, blameless, excellent.
    α. of pers. κύριος B 7:1; cp. 19:11 (καλό of God: Celsus 4, 14). μαθητής IPol 2:1. ἱερεῖς IPhld 9:1. διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰ. 1 Ti 4:6a. οἰκονόμος 1 Pt 4:10. στρατιώτης Χρ. Ἰ. 2 Ti 2:3. ποιμήν J 10:11ab, 14. ἀνταποδότης D 4:7.
    β. of things μέτρον good, full measure Lk 6:38. θεμέλιος 1 Ti 6:19. βαθμός 3:13. ἔργον someth. helpful, beneficial 3:1. διδασκαλία 4:6b. παραθήκη 2 Ti 1:14. ὁμολογία 1 Ti 6:12b, 13. ἀγών 6:12a; 2 Ti 4:7. στρατεία 1 Ti 1:18. κτίσμα (3 Macc 5:11) 4:4. πλάσμα B 6:12. σκεῦος 21:8. βάπτισμα ApcPt Rainer 4. καλὸν θεοῦ ῥῆμα (cp. Josh 21:45; 23:15; Zech 1:13) Hb 6:5. τὸ καλὸν ὄνομα τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς Js 2:7 (in a Pompeian graffito [Dssm., LO 237; LAE 277] a lover speaks of the καλὸν ὄνομα of his beloved). οὐδὲν φαινόμενον καλόν (ἐστιν) IRo 3:3. πάντα ὁμοῦ κ. ἐστιν IPhld 9:2. τὸ καλόν what passes the test 1 Th 5:21.
    ⓓ The term καλόν (ἐστιν) in the gener. sense it is good qualifies items that fit under one of the preceding clasifications (Pr 17:26.—כָּלָן=καλόν loanw. in rabb.).
    α. it is pleasant, desirable, advantageous (Jos., Bell. 4, 163) Mt 17:4; 18:8f; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33.—1 Cor 7:26a.
    β. it is morally good, pleasing to God, contributing to salvation 1 Cor 7:1 (cp. Gen 2:18), 8, 26b; Hb 13:9.—οὐ καλόν Mt 15:26; Mk 7:27.
    γ. καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον it is better for him Mk 9:42; cp. 1 Cor 9:15. καλόν (σοί) ἐστιν … ἤ it is a(n) (greater) advantage (for you) …, than (cp. Jon 4:3; ApcEsdr 1:6 p. 24, 13) Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47 (s. B-D-F §190, 2). καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ it would have been better for him Mt 26:24; Mk 14:21 v.l. (B-D-F §358, 1; 360, 1). Without copula Mk 14:21; 1 Cl 51:3; IRo 6:1; 2 Cl 16:4.—That which is good or better is added in the inf., which forms the subject of καλόν ἐστιν (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 13 §46 καλὸν εἴη τινὶ θνῄσκειν; Polyaenus 8, 9, 2; Jos., Bell. 1, 650; 4, 163) Mt 15:26; 18:8f; Mk 7:27; Gal 4:18a; Hm 6, 2, 9; also the articular inf. (Menand., Monost. 283; 291 [396; 410 J.] καλὸν τὸ θνῄσκειν al.). κ. τὸ μὴ φαγεῖν κρέα Ro 14:21; 1 Cor 7:26b; IEph 15:1; IRo 2:2; Pol 5:3; MPol 11:1; w. acc. and inf. ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33; cp. Mk 9:43, 45, 47; B 21:1; with εἰ (ApcSed 4:2) Mt 26:24 (1Cl 46:8); Mk 9:42; 14:21; with ἐάν 1 Cor 7:8. S. B-D-F §409, 3; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT ’62, 76–78.—B. 1176; 1191. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καλός

  • 5 χαρακτήρ

    χαρακτήρ, ῆρος, ὁ (fr. χαράσσω ‘engrave’ via χάραγμα; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 11:6; TestSim 5:4 [‘copy’, of the Book of Enoch]; ApcSed 7:4; EpArist; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 322; Just.; Tat. 17, 2 [in the two last, of letters of the alphabet]; loanw. in rabb.).
    ⓐ of coinage impress, reproduction, representation (Eur., El. 559; Aristot., Pol. 1, 6, Oec. 2; Diod S 17, 66, 2; OGI 339, 45; in imagery Polyb. 18, 34, 7; Philo, Plant. 18) in imagery IMg 5:2ab.
    ⓑ of a distinguishing mark trademark τὸ κεφαλοδέσμιον … χαρακτῆρα ἔχει βασιλικόν the headpiece bears a royal trademark (i.e. the logo of a manufacturer for the imperial establishment; s. deStrycker ad loc. and AJohnson, Roman Egypt to the Reign of Diocletian ’36, 332–33; 626–27) GJs 2:2. S. 3 below.
    ② someth. produced as a representation, reproduction, representation, fig., of God ἄνθρωπον ἔπλασεν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ εἰκόνος χαρακτῆρα (God) formed a human being as reproduction of his own identity/reality (s. εἰκών 2) 1 Cl 33:4 (cp. OGI 383, 60 of a picture χ. μορφῆς ἐμῆς; 404, 25; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 83 calls the soul τύπον τινὰ καὶ χαρακτῆρα θείας δυνάμεως). Christ is χαρ. τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ an exact representation of (God’s) real being Hb 1:3 (ὑπόστασις 1a).
    ③ characteristic trait or manner, distinctive mark (Hdt. et al.; Diod S 1, 91, 7; Dionys. Hal., Ad Pomp. 3, 16; 2 Macc 4:10) ἐν ἀποστολικῷ χαρακτῆρι in apostolic fashion of an epistolary greeting ITr ins; cp. 1b above.
    ④ an impression that is made, outward aspect, outward appearance, form (ApcSed 7:4 ὁ δὲ ἥλιος καὶ Ἀδάμ, μίαν χαρακτῆρα ἦσαν perh. read without the comma: ‘Now, the sun and Adam were alike in appearance’, in contrast to Eve who was more brightly beautiful than the moon) εὐειδέσταται τῷ χαρακτῆρι exceptionally beautiful in appearance Hs 9, 9, 5.—JGeffcken, Character: ET 21, 1910, 426f; AKörte, Her 64, 1929, 69–86 (semantic history).—DELG s.v. χαράσσω II 4. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > χαρακτήρ

  • 6 μορφή

    μορφή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+) form, outward appearance, shape gener. of bodily form 1 Cl 39:3; ApcPt 4:13 (Job 4:16; ApcEsdr 4:14 p. 28, 16 Tdf.; SJCh 78, 13). Of the shape or form of statues (Jos., Vi. 65; Iren. 1, 8, 1 [Harv. I 67, 11]) Dg 2:3. Of appearances in visions, etc., similar to persons (Callisthenes [IV B.C.]: 124 Fgm. 13 p. 644, 32 Jac. [in Athen. 10, 75, 452b] Λιμὸς ἔχων γυναικὸς μορφήν; Diod S 3, 31, 4 ἐν μορφαῖς ἀνθρώπων; TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 11 [Stone p. 42] ἀρχαγγέλου μορφὴν περικείμενος; Jos., Ant. 5, 213 a messenger fr. heaven νεανίσκου μορφῇ): of God’s assembly, the church Hv 3, 10, 2; 9; 3, 11, 1; 3, 13, 1; Hs 9, 1, 1; of the angel of repentance ἡ μ. αὐτοῦ ἠλλοιώθη his appearance had changed m 12, 4, 1. Of Christ (ἐν μ. ἀνθρώπου TestBenj 10:7; Just., D. 61, 1; Tat. 2, 1; Hippol., Ref. 5, 16, 10. Cp. Did., Gen. 56, 18; of deities ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῃ μορφῇ: Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 6, 30; cp. Philo, Abr. 118) μορφὴν δούλου λαβών he took on the form of a slave=expression of servility Phil 2:7 (w. σχῆμα as Aristot., Cat. 10a, 11f, PA 640b, 30–36). This is in contrast to expression of divinity in the preëxistent Christ: ἐν μ. θεοῦ ὑπάρχων although he was in the form of God (cp. OGI 383, 40f: Antiochus’ body is the framework for his μ. or essential identity as a descendant of divinities; sim. human fragility [Phil 2:7] becomes the supporting framework for Christ’s servility and therefore of his κένωσις [on the appearance one projects cp. the epitaph EpigrAnat 17, ’91, 156, no. 3, 5–8]; on μορφὴ θεοῦ cp. Orig., C. Cels. 7, 66, 21; Pla., Rep. 2, 380d; 381bc; X., Mem. 4, 3, 13; Diog. L. 1, 10 the Egyptians say μὴ εἰδέναι τοῦ θεοῦ μορφήν; Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 80; 110; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 190; Just., A I, 9, 1; PGM 7, 563; 13, 272; 584.—Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 357f) Phil 2:6. The risen Christ ἐφανερώθη ἐν ἑτέρᾳ μορφῇ appeared in a different form Mk 16:12 (of the transfiguration of Jesus: ἔδειξεν ἡμῖν τὴν ἔνδοξον μορφὴν ἑαυτοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 6, 68, 23). For lit. s. on ἁρπαγμός and κενόω 1b; RMartin, ET 70, ’59, 183f.—DSteenberg, The Case against the Synonymity of μορφή and εἰκών: JSNT 34, ’88, 77–86; GStroumsa, HTR 76, ’83, 269–88 (Semitic background).—DELG. Schmidt, Syn. IV 345–60. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μορφή

  • 7 εἶδος

    εἶδος, ους, τό (Hom.+.—CRitter, Neue Unters. über Plato 1910, 228–320)
    ① the shape and structure of someth. as it appears to someone, form, outward appearance (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 1; Pla., Symp. 210b; Philostrat., Ep. 51; Gen 41:2–4; Ezk 1:26; Philo; Jos., Ant. 6, 296; TestSim 5:1; Mel., P. 47, 334 [Perler]) σωματικῷ εἴδει in bodily form Lk 3:22; cp. GEb 18, 36 (Just., D. 88, 4 ἐν εἴδει περιστερᾶς and oft.). τὸ εἶδος τοῦ προσώπου αὐτοῦ the appearance of his face Lk 9:29 (ApcEsdr 4:29 p. 29, 3 Tdf.). Of God (cp. Ex 24:17; Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 8]) εἶδος αὐτοῦ (w. φωνή) J 5:37. Of the form of polytheists’ gods Dg 2:1. οὐκ ἔχειν εἶδος have no comeliness 1 Cl 16:3 (Is 53:2). τὸ πῦρ καμάρας εἶδος ποιῆσαν formed the shape of a vaulted room MPol 15:2.
    ② a variety of someth., kind (X., Pla. et al.; PTebt 58, 20f [111 B.C.]; PFay 34, 6; POxy 905, 6; Sir 23:16; 25:2; Philo; Jos., Ant. 10, 37 πᾶν εἶδος πονηρίας; Just., Tat., Ath. [here the ‘form’ of matter]) ἀπὸ παντὸς εἴδους πονηροῦ fr. every kind of evil 1 Th 5:22 (Unknown Sayings, p. 92 [money-changing?])
    ③ the act of looking/seeing, seeing, sight (Num 12:8; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 17, 18 στόμα κατὰ στόμα, ἐν εἴδει καὶ οὐ διʼ ὁραμάτων καὶ ἐνυπνίων. So also the interpr. of 2 Cor 5:7 in Severian of Gabala [Pauluskomm. aus d. griech. Kirche ed. KStaab ’33, 291] and in Theodoret III 314 Noesselt) διὰ πίστεως, οὐ διὰ εἴδους by faith, not by sight 2 Cor 5:7 (the same contrast betw. πιστεύειν and ἰδεῖν [s. εἶδον 1a] also J 20:29).—PBrommer, ΕΙΔΟΣ et ΙΔΕΑ ’40. DELG and Frisk. B. 874. EDNT. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > εἶδος

  • 8 ἔμφασις

    A appearing in a smooth surface, reflection, as in a mirror or in water, Arist.Mete. 373b24, 377b17; κατ' ἔμφασιν by reflection, Id.Mu. 395a29;

    ἔμφασιν ποιεῖν Thphr.Lap.30

    ; ἀμυδραὶ ἐ. τῆς ἀληθείας faint reflections or images, Plu.2.354c: generally, ἔ. προσώπου (in the moon) Epicur.Ep.2p.41U., Stoic.2.198, cf. Plot.4.3.18;

    τοῦ ὄντος Dam.Pr.69

    ;

    τῶν πρώτων ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις Procl.in Alc.p.69C.

    ; στερεοῦ πρώτη ἔ. ἐν τῇ τετράδι εὑρίσκεται Hierocl in CA 20p.465M.
    2 outward appearance, impression, presentation,

    τὰς ἔ. κρίνειν Arist.Div.Somn. 464b12

    ;

    φαντασιῶν Stoic. 2.24

     (pl.);

    κατὰ τὴν ἔ. Plb.5.63.2

    ; ποιεῖν ἔμφασίν τινος give the appearance of.., suggest, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.257; ποιεῖν ἔ. ὡς .. make as if.., Plb.5.110.6; ποιεῖν, c. [tense] fut. inf., Str.8.3.30;

    ἔ. λαβεῖν τινος Phld.Ir. p.95

     W., al.;

    ἔ. ἔχειν τινός D.H.Th.16

    ; ἔ. ἔχειν ὡς .. D.S.11.89;

    ἔ. γίγνεταί τινος Id.1.38

    ; of taste,

    ἔ. ἁλυκότητος Dsc.5.87

    .
    II ([etym.] ἐμφαίνω) setting forth, exposition, narration, Plb.6.5.3, etc.; ποιεῖν ἐμφάσεις κατά τινος to make statements against, Id.28.4.8; συμβόλων -σεις explanations, Iamb.VP23.103.
    III meaning, significance, Agatharch.21, Corn.ND15; esp. in Rhet., significance, emphasis, Quint.8.3.83, 9.2.3, Trypho Trop.p.199S., Tib.Fig.14: coupled with δείνωσις, Demetr.Eloc. 130.
    2 suggestion, hint,ib.57, 171.
    IV moral of a fable, Babr.116.15.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔμφασις

  • 9 ὅρασις

    -εως + ἡ N 3 8-9-52-48-16=133 Gn 2,9; 24,62; 25,11; 31,49; 40,5
    seeing, act of seeing LtJ 36; sight Gn 2,9; vision Gn 31,49; prophetic vision Jer 14,14; vision, dream Dn 8,1; outward appearance, look Jl 2,4; sight, ap-pearance, face Sir 11,2; appearance Nm 24,4
    τὸ φρέαρ τῆς ὁράσεως the well of vision (proper name) Gn 24,62
    *Is 66,24 εἰς ὅρασιν (they shall be) a spectacle?-ראה for MT דראון an ab-horrence
    →TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ὅρασις

  • 10 μνημεῖον

    μνημεῖον, ου, τό (s. μνήμα) lit. ‘token of remembrance’ (Pind. et al.; Philo, Joseph.), esp. for the dead (Eur., Iph. T. 702; 821; Thu. 1, 138, 5; X., Hell. 2, 4, 17; 3, 2, 15; Pla., Rep. 3, 414a).
    ① monument, memorial (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 119 μν. καὶ τάφος; HHäusle, Das Denkmal als Garant des Nachruhms [Zetemata 25] 1980 [ins; on the function of a monument s. pp. 29–40]): οἰκοδομεῖτε τ. μνημεῖα τῶν προφητῶν Lk 11:47 (JJeremias, Heiligengräber in Jesu Umwelt ’58) is prob. to be understood in this sense (for μ. οἰκοδομεῖν cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 211). But μ. in our lit. usu. has the sense
    ② grave, tomb (SIG 1229, 4; 1232; 1234; 1242; 1244; PFlor 9, 10; Gen 23:6, 9; Is 22:16 al.; TestSol 17:2; ParJer; ApcEsdr 4:36 p. 29, 14 Tdf.; ApcMos 42; AscIs 3:13; Jos., Ant. 1, 237; 18, 108; Mel., P. 78, 569; 90, 673); of tombs in caves, etc. (s. PThomsen, Grab: Reallex. d. Vorgesch. IV 2, 473ff), into which a person can enter (s. ParJer 7:1; Mk 16:5; J 20:6) Mt 23:29; 27:52f (JBlinzler, ThGl 35, ’43, 91–93.—Diod S 13, 86, 3: when the Carthaginians besieging Acragas destroyed some tombs lying outside the walls, ‘throughout the night ghosts of the dead appeared’ διὰ νυκτὸς εἴδωλα φαίνεσθαι τῶν τετελευτηκότων.—On an earthquake that opens the graves and frees those inside s. Ps.-Ael. Aristid. 25, 20f K.=43 p. 804 D.: μνήματα ἀνερρήγνυτο … τὰ μνήματα ἀνερρίπτει τοὺς κειμένους. EFascher, Die Auferweckung der Heiligen Mt 27:51–53, ’51), vs. 60b; 28:8; Mk 15:46ab; 16:2, 3, 5, 8; Lk 23:55; 24:1 v.l., 2, 9, 12, 22, 24; J 11:17, 31 (Aesop, Fab. 109 H. [cp. 299 H-H.] γυνὴ ἀπιοῦσα πρὸς τὸ μνημεῖον ἐθρήνει), 38; 12:17; 19:42; 20:1–4, 6, 8, 11ab; GPt 9:34; 12:51, 53 (lit. on the Holy Sepulcher: RGG3 II 1816–18; also FBraun, La Sépulture de Jésu ’37; RSmith, The Tomb of Jesus, BA 30, ’67, 74–90). τιθέναι εἰς μ. place in the tomb Ac 13:29. Also τιθέναι ἐν τῷ μ. Mt 27:60a; Mk 6:29; 15:46a. μ. καινόν Mt 27:60a; J 19:41; οἱ ἐν τοῖς μ. those who are in their tombs 5:28. The haunt of possessed persons Mt 8:28; Mk 5:2 (acc. to Diog. L. 9, 38 Democritus sought solitude among the graves). Graves were somet. not recognizable as such fr. their outward appearance Lk 11:44; s. ἄδηλος 1.—DELG s.v. μιμνήσκω 5. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μνημεῖον

  • 11 δέμω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `build' (Il.).
    Other forms: Aor. δεῖμαι, perf. Med. δέδμημαι, Dor. δέδμᾱμαι
    Dialectal forms: Myc. demeote \/ demeontes\/ ptc. fut. tokodomo \/ toikhodomos\/, naudomo \/ naudomos\/, etedomo \/ entesdomos\/?
    Compounds: Old compounds νεό-δμᾱτος, νεό-δμη-τος (Pi.). οἰκοδόμος etc.
    Derivatives: δέμας (nom. and acc.) `building of the body, outward appearance' (Il.; s. Vivante Arch. glottol. it. 40, 44f.) with analogical - ας, δομή `id.' (A. R.), also = `τεῖχος, οἰκοδομή' (H., uncertain J. AJ 15, 11, 3) with δομαῖος `to building useful' (A. R.); - δόμος ( δῶμα, δῶ), s.s.v. - Deverb. aorist δωμῆσαι, - ήσασθαι (A. R.; δωμήσουσιν οἰκοδομήσουσι H.), from *δωμάω (or *δωμέω?, Schwyzer 719 n. 5), with δώμημα (Lycia), ἐνδώμησις (Smyrna Ip etc.), δώμησις, δωμητύς H., δωμήτωρ (Man.). - With short vowel late forms: δομέοντι οἰκοδομοῦντι H., δεδομημένος (J., Aristid.) with δόμησις, δόμημα (J.), δομήτωρ (Anon. Prog. in Rh.); from οἰκο-δομέω (Ion.-Att.)? - S. also μεσό-δμη. Nomen agentis οἰκοδόμος with οἰκοδομέω `build'. Adj. ναο-, πυργο- `tempel, fortif. building'.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [198] * demh₁- `build'
    Etymology: The present δέμω has a parallel in the German. verb Goth. ga-timan, OS teman, OHG zeman ` geziemen, fit'. To this group belongs the r-stem for `building wood', e. g. ONo. timbr, OHG zimbar, NHG Zimmer with the denomin. Goth. timrjan etc. ` zimmern', PGm. * tim(b)ra-, IE * demh₁-ro- (disyllabic root with germanic loss of the - h₁-; cf. νεό-δμᾱ-τος, δέ-δμᾱ-μαι), from *-dm̥h₁-. The root had - h₁-: Beekes, Development (291 Add. to p. 202), pointing to notations with η in Pindar; thus Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 316, who points to Myc. demeote. - Here further Hier.-Luw. ta+ mi-ha `I built' (Kronasser ΜΝΗΜΗΣ ΧΑΡΙΝ 1, 201). - See further δόμος, δῶμα, δεσπότης, μεσόδμη.
    Page in Frisk: 1,364

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δέμω

  • 12 εὐσέβεια

    εὐσέβεια, ας, ἡ (s. next entry and σέβομαι; Pre-Socr., Aeschyl. et al.; ins, pap as ‘piety, reverence, loyalty [exhibited towards parents or deities], fear of God’; opp. πονηρός Diod S 5, 79, 2; cp. Diog. L. 3, 83: the pious follow sacrificial custom and take care of temples; hence Aeneas is repeatedly called ‘pius’ in Vergil’s Aeneid, s. AMichels, ClJ 92, ’97, 399–416) in our lit. and in the LXX only of awesome respect accorded to God, devoutness, piety, godliness (Pla., Rep. 10, 615c εἰς θεούς [w. γονέας]; X., Cyr. 8, 1, 25; Posidon. 87 Fgm. 59, 107 περὶ τὸ δαιμόνιον; Diod S 4, 39, 1 εἰς τὸν θεόν; 7, 14, 6; 19, 7, 3; Epict., Ench. 31, 1 περὶ τ. θεούς; Herm. Wr. 4, 7 πρὸς τ. θεόν; ins [SIG and OGI indices]; UPZ 41, 10 [161/160 B.C.] πρὸς τὸ θεῖον; PHerm 52:19; PTebt 298, 45; PGiss 66, 10; LXX, esp. 4 Macc.; TestSol 8:9; TestJud 18:5; TestIss 7:5; EpArist 2; 42 πρὸς τ. θεὸν ἡμῶν al.; Philo, Deus Imm. 17 πρὸς θεόν; 69, Poster. Cai. 181; Jos., Ant. 18, 117, C. Ap. 1, 162 περὶ τὸ θεῖον [Ath. 28, 2; cp. 30, 3 περὶ αὐτούς]; Just., Ath. W. ἀνδρεία and σοφία Orig., C. Cels. 8, 17, 16; Theoph. Ant., Hippol.) ἰδίᾳ εὐσεβείᾳ by our own piety Ac 3:12; cp. διὰ τ. ἡμετέρας εὐ. 1 Cl 32:4. ἐν πάσῃ εὐ. in all piety 1 Ti 2:2; cp. 4:7f; 6:5f, 11. μετʼ εὐσεβείας in godliness (cp. 2 Macc 12:45) 1 Cl 15:1. τὰ πρὸς εὐσέβειαν what belongs to piety 2 Pt 1:3 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 120 τὰ πρὸς τ. θρησκείαν). ἔχειν μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας have the outward form of godliness=be devout only in appearance 2 Ti 3:5 (cp. Philo, Plant. 70 εἰσί τινες τῶν ἐπιμορφαζόντων εὐσέβειαν). W. φιλοξενία 1 Cl 11:1. Godliness as a result of steadfastness and cause of brotherly love 2 Pt 1:6f (on the list of virtues cp. Lucian, Somn. 10; OGI 438, Dssm. LO 270 [LAE 322]). ἡ ἐν Χριστῷ εὐ. Christian piety 1 Cl 1:2. περὶ τὴν εὐ. φιλοπονεῖν show a concern for piety 2 Cl 19:1.—Respect for deity, devotion (Diod S 16, 60, 3; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 60) ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλία teaching that is in accordance with godliness 1 Ti 6:3; ἡ ἀλήθεια ἡ κατʼ εὐ. Tit 1:1. τὸ τῆς εὐ. μυστήριον the key to our piety or the secret of our devotion to God 1 Ti 3:16 (s. MMassinger, Biblioth. Sacra 96, ’40, 479–89).—Pl. godly acts 2 Pt 3:11 (cp. PGM 13, 717; Just., D. 47, 2).—OKern, D. Rel. der Griechen I 1926, 273–90; FBräuninger, Unters. zu d. Schriften des Hermes Trismeg., diss. Berlin 1926, esp. on εὐσέβεια and γνῶσις; FTillmann, Past. Bonus 53, ’42, 129–36; 161–65 (‘Frömmigkeit’ in den Pastoralbr.); WFoerster, NTS 5, ’59, 213–18 (Pastorals). S. ὅσιος, end.—B. 1462. Larfeld I 496. DELG s.v. σέβομαι. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > εὐσέβεια

  • 13 ὄψις

    -εως + ἡ N 3 24-2-9-7-17=59 Gn 24,16; 26,7; 29,17; 39,6; 41,21
    outward appearance, aspect (of pers.) Gn 24,16; id. (of things) Lv 13,3; face (of pers.) Ct 2,14;
    countenance 2 Mc 3,16; face (of the earth) Ex 10,5; sight Wis 3,4; αἱ ὄψεις the eyes TobBA 14,2
    ὑπὸ τὴν ὄψιν under the notice, under the eyes Est 8,12i, see also 2 Mc 3,36, 12,42
    Cf. BRUNSCHWIG 1973, 24-39; LE BOULLUEC 1989 136(Ex 10,5); WALTERS 1973 67(Nm 10,31)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ὄψις

  • 14 λαμπρός

    λαμπρός, ά, όν, fem. -ή in [dialect] Ep. (Il.17.269, Hom.Epigr.3.3), but -ά in Hes.Th.19, 371:—
    A bright, radiant, of the sun and stars,

    λ. φάος ἠελίοιο Il.1.605

    ;

    ἀστήρ 4.77

    ; - ότατος, of Sirius, 22.30 (and of the same,

    λαμπρὸν παμφαίνῃσι 5.6

    ); λαμπρὰ σελήνη Hes.ll.cc., cf. Th.7.44;

    πρὶν ἡμέραν λ. γενέσθαι D.H.3.27

    ; of the eyes, S.OT 1483, E. Hec. 1045, etc., v. infr. 11.3; of metallic bodies, λ. φάλοι, κόρυθες, Il.13.132, 17.269: neut. as Adv.,

    θώρηκες λαμπρὸν γανόωντες 13.265

    .
    2 of white cloths and the like , bright, λαμπρὸς δ' ἦν ἠέλιος ὥς [ὁ χιτών] Od.19.234;

    δέρμα.. -ότατον λευκότητι Hdt.4.64

    ; λ. ἐσθής, = Lat. toga candida, Plb.10.5.1.
    3 of water, clear, limpid, A.Eu. 695, Hp.Aër.5, X.HG5.3.19; of air,

    λ. ἠήρ Hp.

    Aër.15;

    αἰθήρ E.Med. 829

     ([comp] Sup., lyr.).
    4 of sound or voice, clear, distinct, Pl.Phlb. 51d, D.19.199;

    λαμπρὰ κηρύσσειν E.Heracl. 864

    ;

    φωνὴ -οτέρα Arist. HA 545a12

    ; opp. φ. ἀσαφής, Id.Aud. 801b22;

    λαμπρὸν ἀνολολύξαι Plu. 2.768d

    ; cf.

    λάμπω 1.2

    .
    5 metaph., of vigorous action, λ. ἄνεμος a keen wind, Hdt.2.96, cf.A.Ag. 1180; λ. ἤδη καὶ μέγας καθιείς swooping down like a fresh and mighty breeze, Ar.Eq. 430, cf. 760; λαμπρὸς φανήσεται he will come furiously forth, E.Heracl. 280; λ. μάχη a keenly contested battle, Plb.10.12.5; -

    ότερος κίνδυνος Id.1.45.9

    . Adv. -ρῶς, ἐπικείμενοι vigorously, Th.7.71; utterly, λ. ἡττῆσθαι, λ. περιεστοιχίσθαι, Hld.4.4, 9.1.
    6 metaph. also, clear, manifest,

    μαρτύρια A.Eu. 797

    ;

    ταῦτ' ἐπειδὴ λαμπρὰ συμβαίνει S.Tr. 1174

    ;

    ἴχνη X.Cyn. 5.5

    ;

    γεγενημένης τῆς νίκης λ. ἤδη Th.7.55

    ; λ. φυγή decisive, Arr.An. 2.11.3. Adv. -

    ρῶς, κοὐδὲν αἰνικτηρίως A.Pr. 833

    ;

    λελυμένων λ. τῶν σπονδῶν Th.2.7

    ;

    λ. νικᾶν Arr.An.2.10.4

    ; λαμπρῶς ἐλέγετο it was said without concealment, Th.8.67.
    II of persons, well-known, illustrious by deeds, station, etc.,

    λ. ἐν τῇσι Ἀθήνῃσι Hdt.6.125

    ;

    ἐν τοῖσι πολέμοισι ἐὼν -ότατος Id.7.154

    ; λ. ἐν [τοῖς κινδύνοις] D.19.269; -

    οτάτους γενομένους τῶν καθ' ἑαυτούς Th.1.138

    ;

    ἐξ ἀδόξων γενέσθαι λ. Isoc.5.89

    ;

    λ. ἐς γένος E.El.37

    ;

    ἐν λόγοις Id.Supp.[902]

    ; as honorary title, - ότατος, = Lat. clarissimus, IG14.911, 7.91, etc.; of cities, councils, etc.,

    ἡ λαμπρὰ τῶν Μιλησίων μητρόπολις SIG906

     A 4 (iv A. D.), cf. 867.4 ([comp] Sup., Ephesus, ii A. D.); of actions, etc.,

    ἔργον οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν λ. γίνεται Hdt.3.72

    ;

    τὸν βίον λ. ποιεῖσθαι S.OC 1144

    ;

    τὸ λ. φῶς ἀποσβεννὺς γένους Trag.Adesp.9

    .
    2 magnificent, munificent,

    λ. ἐν ταῖς λειτουργίαις Isoc.3.56

    , cf. D.21.153 ([comp] Sup.); ὁ λ. καὶ πλούσιος οὗτος ib. 174. Adv. -

    ρῶς, χορηγεῖν Antipho 2.2.12

    , Arist.EN 1122b22.
    3 bright, joyous, λ. ὥσπερ ὄμματι, of the bearer of good news, S.OT 81, cf. X.HG4.5.10; λαμπρὸν ἐξέπεμψα with bright hopes, S.El. 1130;

    λ. ταῖς ἐλπίσιν Jul.Or.2.64b

    ; also ὄμματι δέρκομαι λαμπρόν, of one clear in conscience, Pi.N.7.66.
    III of outward appearance, splendid, brilliant,

    νυμφίον.. λ. ὄντα Ar. Pax 859

    ; of a horse, IG22.956.87, X.Eq.11.1; in dress, Id.Cyn.2.4.5 ([comp] Sup.); of youthful bloom,

    ὥρᾳ ἡλικίας λ. Th.6.54

    ; of healthy look, Hp.Aër.24; of property, dress, etc.,

    εἴ τί γ' ἔστι λ. καὶ καλόν Ar.Pl. 144

    , cf. E.Fr.316.5;

    κατασκευή X.Smp.1.4

     ([comp] Comp.); λ. κάλλος beaming beauty, Pl. Phdr. 250b, etc.: more generally

    λ. τι ποιεῖν X.Cyr.5.4.15

    ; τὸ λ. splendour, Pi.N.8.34;

    λ. γενέσθαι βουλόμεσθα τοὺς γάμους Euang.1.3

    . Adv. -ῶς, opp. λιτῶς, Phld.Mort.30: [comp] Sup. - ότατα X.Cyr.2.4.1; later - οτάτως JHS44.26 (Ancyra, ii A. D.).
    2 of language, brilliant,

    τῶν διθυράμβων τὰ λ. Ar.Av. 1388

    ; λ. λέξις ornamental diction, Arist. Po. 1460b4;

    λόγος Hermog.Id.1.9

    .
    IV Astrol., of degrees in a zodiacal sign,

    ἑκάστου ζῳδίου λαμπρὰς μοίρας ἐξέθεντο Heph.Astr.1.1

    , al.
    V for Adv. - ρῶς, v. supr. 1.5 and 6, 11.2, 111.1.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαμπρός

  • 15 πρόσχημα

    I that which is held before to cover, screen, cloak, τὸ σῶφρον τοῦ ἀνάνδρου π. Th.3.82; pretence, pretext,

    πατὴρ.. σοὶ π. ἀεί, ὡς ἐξ ἐμοῦ τέθνηκεν S. El. 525

    ;

    τοῦτο π. ποιούμενος Lys.6.37

    ; also π. τοῦ λόγου in the same sense, Hdt.4.167, cf. 6.133: c. gen., αὗται [αἱ πόλεις] π. ἦσαν τοῦ στόλου ib.44;

    Φίλιππος γίγνεται π. τοῦ πολέμου Plb.11.5.4

    ; τῷ τῆς τέχνης π. on the ground of.., D.5.6; π. ποιεύμενος ὡς ἐπ' Ἀθήνας ἐλαύνει making a pretence or show of marching against Athens, Hdt.7.157: c. inf., π. ποιούμενοι τοὺς ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης μὴ προδώσειν pretend that they will not.., Th.5.30;

    π. ἦν ἀμύνεσθαι Id.1.96

    ; also π. ποιεῖσθαι or ποιήσασθαί τι to put forward as a screen or disguise, Pl.Prt. 316d, 316e, cf. 317a: πρόσχημα, as acc. abs., by way of pretext, Hdt.9.87; καλῶν ὀνομάτων καὶ προσχημάτων μεστή full of fair words and appearances, Pl.R. 495d.
    2 preface,

    π. καὶ ἀρχὴ τοῦ λόγου Id.Hp.Ma. 286a

    .
    II ornament, τῆς Ἰωνίης π., of Miletus, Hdt.5.28, cf. Plb.3.15.3;

    τῆς Ἑλλάδος Str.10.2.3

    , cf. 11.11.1, Plu.Alex.17; τὸ κλεινὸν Ἑλλάδος π. ἀγῶνος, of the Pythian games, S.El. 682; μετὰ προσχήματος ἀξίου τῆς πόλεως with a dignity, D.18.178; τὸ τοῦ γένους π. the nobility of his birth, OGI470.23 (i B.C./i A.D.); Ἀχιλλέα τιν' ἢ Νιόβην.., π. τῆς τραγῳδίας the pomp or show of tragedy, Ar.Ra. 913; Δαρείου τὸ π. his pomp, Arist.Mu. 398a12; of a person, π. ἑαυτῆς (sc. τῆς πόλεως) IG 12(7).395.17 ([place name] Amorgos).
    2 outward appearance of a wound, f.l. in Hp. Ulc.24; aspect, τῆς ὅλης θεουργίας διττόν ἐστι π., τὸ ἱερατικὸν τῶν θεῶν π., Iamb.Myst.4.2.
    3 costume, uniform, PMasp.334.12, PFlor.288.9 (both vi A.D.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πρόσχημα

  • 16 ἀστεῖος

    ἀστεῖος, α, ον, also ος, ον Diph.73: ([etym.] ἄστυ):—
    A of the town (but in the literal sense ἀστικός is used).
    II town-bred, polite, Pl.Phd. 116d; opp. ἄγροικος, Plu.Mar.3;

    γένοιτ' ἀστεῖος οἰκῶν ἐν πόλει Alc.

     Com.26; charming, Isoc.2.34.
    2 of thoughts and words, refined, elegant, witty, διάλεκτον ἀστείαν ὑποθηλυτέραν, opp. ἀνελεύθερον ὑπαγροικοτέραν, Ar.Fr. 685;

    ἀστεῖόν τι λέξαι Id.Ra. 901

    ; ἀστεῖον λέγεις (where there is a play on the double sense, witty and popular) Id.Nu. 204;

    ἀ. καὶ δημωφελεῖς οἱ λόγοι Pl.Phdr. 227d

    ;

    ἀστεῖον εἰπεῖν Com.Anon.248

     Mein., cf. Axiop.1.14;

    ἀστειοτάτας ἐπινοίας Ar.Eq. 539

    ; of persons,

    οἱ ἀ.

     the wits,

    Pl.R. 452d

    ;

    τὰ ἀ.

     witty sayings, witticisms,

    Arist.Rh. 1411b21

    , al. Adv.

    - ως J.AJ12.4.4

    , Plu.2.123f, Luc.Nigr.13.
    3 as a general word of praise, of things and persons, pretty, charming,

    βοσκήματε Ar.Ach. 811

    ;

    ἑορτή Pl.Grg. 447a

    ;

    ἀ. καὶ εὐήθης Id.R. 349b

    , cf. Phdr. 242e, Hp.Ep.13;

    ἐστὶ γοῦν ἁπλῆ τις;—ἀστεία μὲν οὖν Anaxil.21

    ; ἀστεῖόν [ἐστι] ὅτι ἐρυθριᾷς it is charming to see you blush, Pl.Ly. 204c; ἀστεῖον πάνυ εἰ .. Men. Sam. 149.
    b ironically, ἀ. κέρδος a pretty piece of luck, Ar.Nu. 1064;

    ἀστεῖος εἶ Diph.73

    .
    4 of outward appearance, pretty, graceful, LXX Ex.2.2, al.;

    οἱ μικροὶ ἀ. καὶ σύμμετροι, καλοὶ δ' οὔ Arist. EN 1123b7

    ; handsome, LXX Jd.3.17 (of Eglon): in Comedy, of dainty dishes, κραμβίδιον, κρεΐσκον, Antiph.6, Alex.189.
    5 good of its kind,

    αἷμα Hp.Alim.44

    ;

    ἑλλέβορος Str.9.3.3

    ;

    οἶνος Plu.2.620d

    ; of persons, good, Ph.1.97, Plu.Them.5; ἀστεῖα good qualities, opp. φαῦλα, Demetr.Eloc. 114. Adv. - είως honourably,

    πράττων LXX 2 Ma. 12.43

    , cf. Ph.1.244.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀστεῖος

  • 17 σχῆμα

    σχῆμα, ατος, τό (fr. the same root as ἔχω, cp. 2 aor. inf. σχεῖν; Aeschyl., Thu.+; loanw. in rabb.; in various senses ‘bearing, manner, deportment’ cp. Lat. ‘habitus’)
    ① the generally recognized state or form in which someth. appears, outward appearance, form, shape of pers. Hv 5:1 (Menyllus: 295 Fgm. 2 Jac. Ἄρης ἐν σχήματι ποιμένος). σχήματι εὑρεθεὶς ὡς ἄνθρωπος Phil 2:7 (Just., A I, 55, 4 ἀνθρώπειον σχῆμα; cp. Lucian, Somn. 13 ἀφεὶς … τιμὴν κ. δόξαν … κ. δύναμιν σχῆμα δουλοπρεπὲς ἀναλήψῃ; Jos., Ant. 10, 11 a king who exchanges his kingly robes for sackcloth and takes on a σχῆμα ταπεινόν; for the σχῆμα ταπεινόν cp. also Appian, Syr. 40 §206; for assoc. of σχῆμα and ὄνομα cp. Cass. Dio 42, 24).
    ② the functional aspect of someth., way of life, of things (Just., D. 105, 2 al. τοῦ σταυροῦ) παράγει τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ κόσμου τούτου this world in its present form is passing away 1 Cor 7:31 (Eur., Bacch. 832 τὸ σχ. τοῦ κόσμου; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 312, 9 τὸ σχ. τοῦ κόσμου τοῦδε; PGM 4, 1139 σχῆμα κόσμου). S. μορφή.—B. 874. DELG s.v. ἔχω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σχῆμα

  • 18 αἰσχρός

    αἰσχρός, ά, όν, also ός, όν APl.4.151: ([etym.] αἶσχος):—in Hom.,
    A causing shame, dishonouring, reproachful,

    νείκεσσεν.. αἰσχροῖς ἐπέεσσιν Il.3.38

    , etc. Adv.

    αἰσχρῶς, ἐνένισπεν 23.473

    .
    II opp. καλός:
    1 of outward appearance, ugly, ill-favoured, of Thersites, Il.2.216, cf. h.Ap. 197, Hdt.1.196 ([comp] Comp.), etc. ; deformed, Hp.Art.14 ([comp] Sup.); αἰσχρῶς χωλός with an ugly lameness, ib.63: but commonly,
    2 in moral sense, shameful, base, Hdt.3.155, A.Th. 685, etc.;

    αἰσχροῖς γὰρ αἰσχρὰ πράγματ' ἐκδιδάσκεται S.El. 621

    ; αἰσχρόν [ἐστι], c. inf., Il.2.298, S.Aj. 473, etc.; αἰσχρόν, εἰ πύθοιτό τις ib. 1159;

    ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέσθαι τι E.Hec. 806

     ; ἐπ' αἰσχροῖς on the ground of base actions, S. Fr. 188, E.Hipp. 511:—τὸ αἰ. as Subst., dishonour, S.Ph. 476; τὸ ἐμὸν αἰ. my disgrace, And.2.9; τὸ καλὸν καὶ τὸ αἰ. virtue and vice, Arist.Rh. 1366a24, etc. Adv., shamefully, S.El. 989, Pl.Smp. 183d, etc.: [comp] Sup.

    αἴσχιστα A.Pr. 959

    , S.OT 367.
    3 ill-suited,

    αἰ. ὁ καιρός D.18.178

    ; αἰ. πρός τι awkward at it, X.Mem.3.8.7;

    αἰσχρὸν καὶ ἄτεχνον Hp. Fract.30

    .
    III Regul. [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. -ότερος, -ότατος are late, Phld.Rh.2.58S. (prob.), Ath.13.587b: elsewh. αἰσχίων, αἴσχιστος (formed from a Root [pref] αἰσχο-), Il.21.437, 2.216; double [comp] Sup.

    αἰσχιστότατος Olymp.in Alc.p.124

     C. Adv., [comp] Sup.

    αἰσχίστως Mnasalc.

     ap. Ath.4.163a, Man.1.21.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰσχρός

  • 19 ἕξις

    ἕξις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] ἔχω):
    I ( ἔχω trans.) having, being in possession of, possession, ἐπιστήμης ἕ., opp. κτῆσις, Pl.Tht. 197b;

    νοῦ Id.Cra. 414b

    ;

    ἡ τῶν ὅπλων Id.Lg. 625c

    , cf. R. 433e, Sph. 247a, al., Arist. Metaph. 1022b4; opp. στέρησις, ib. 1055b13, S.E.P.3.49.
    2 in surgery, posture, Hp.Off.3; ἕ. ἢ θέσις ib.15.
    II ( ἔχω intr.) a being in a certain state, a permanent condition as produced by practice ([etym.] πρᾶξις), diff. from σχέσις (which is alterable) (v. infr.):
    1 state or habit of body, Id.Aph.2.34, cf. Pl.Tht. 153b; ἕ. ὑγιεινή (so also X.Mem.1.2.4), opp. διάθεσις ἀθλητική, Hp.Alim.34;

    σχέσις καὶ ἕ. καὶ ἡλικίη Id.Mochl.41

    ;

    ἡ φύσις καὶ ἡ ἕ. Id.Acut.43

    : pl., Thphr. Sens.69: generally, condition,

    ἐν ἕξει τοῦ δρᾶν D.H.Comp. 25

    ;

    ἕ. λεπτὴ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ μέρος Hp.Art.12

    ;

    τῷ θερμὴν ἕ. ἔχοντι Polystr. p.26W.

    ; outward appearance,

    ἡ ἕ. τοῦ σώματος κρείσσων LXXDa. 1.15

    , cf. 1 Ki.16.7, Sm.La.4.7; habit of a vine, Thphr.CP3.14.5; of material objects,

    ὑπὸ μιᾶς ἕξεως συνέχεσθαι S.E.M.7.102

    , cf. Ph.2.511, Stoic.2.124,al.
    b medic., the system, Ath.2.45e, Mnesith. ib. 54b, Paul.Aeg.3.59.
    2 state or habit of mind,

    ἕ. κακίης Democr. 184

    ;

    τὰς φύσεις τε καὶ ἕξεις τῶν ψυχῶν Pl.Lg. 650b

    , etc.; ἡ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἕ., opp. ἡ τῶν σωμάτων ἕ., Id.Tht.l.c.; πονηρᾶς ψυχῆς ἕξει ib. 167b;

    λαμβάνειν ἕξιν τιμιωτέραν Id.R. 591b

    .
    b esp. acquired habit, opp. ἐνέργεια, Arist.EN 1098b33,al.
    3 trained habit, skill, Pl.Phdr. 268e, Arist.Pr. 955b1, Plb.10.47.7, D.S.2.29; τέχνη defined as

    ἕ. ἢ διάθεσις ἀπὸ παρατηρήσεως Phld.Rh.1.69S.

    ;

    ἄκρα ἕ. D.H.Comp.11

    : c. gen., τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαϊκῶν γραμμάτων ἕξιν Aristeas 121;

    ἕ. πολιτικῶν λόγων Phld.Rh.2.35

     S. (Almost confined to Prose, but cf. Orph.A. 391.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἕξις

  • 20 ἐναργής

    ἐναργής, - ές
    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: `clear, visible, recognizable, living' (Il.); on the meaning Mülder RhM 79, 29ff.
    Derivatives: ἐνάργεια `clearness' (Pl., hell.), ἐνάργημα `outward appearance', also in plur. - ήματα `recognizable facts' (hell.; cf. Chantr. Form. 190); ἐναργότης (Poll.); also ἐναργώδης (Aret.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [64] *h₂erǵ- `shining, white'
    Etymology: Formations like ἐν-τελής to τέλος demonstrate for ἐν-αργής as 2. member an σ-stem *ἄργος `shining', which is also found in ἀργεστής and ἀργεννός (s. 1. ἀργός and Schwyzer 512). Further difficult, but prob. a bahuvrihi with adverbial 1. member: `with ἄργος, with shining'. Strömberg Prefix Studies 118f.; diss. Sommer Nominalkomp. 108. S. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 143, Specht Ursprung 345.
    Page in Frisk: 1,510

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐναργής

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